Australia's National
Prison Newspaper

Australia's National
Prison Newspaper

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About Time is the national newspaper for Australian prisons and detention facilities

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ISSUE NO. 13

August 2025

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Legal Corner

Solitary Confinement as a Sentencing Factor

New sentencing manual for lawyers in Queensland released

By

Prisoners Legal Service

Willy Pleasance

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Solitary confinement occurs when a prisoner is locked down in their cell for at least 22 hours a day with very limited or no association with other prisoners. While conditions of solitary confinement can vary, common features include:

  • The cell is located in a separate part of the prison;
  • The cell has no windows, or windows may be small or partially covered, resulting in no or very limited natural light;
  • Lack of fresh air due to the cell conditions and lack of ability to leave the cell;
  • Lower standard facilities, including ‘small and barren’ exercise yards, unpowered cells or cells with plumbing restrictions (e.g. where the water can be turned off);
  • No, or very limited, contact with other prisoners;
  • Limited contact with other people, including family, health staff and lawyers;
  • Limited access to programs, including work and education;
  • Reduced privileges including visits, phone calls and television; and
  • Limited or special furniture, bedding and amenities.

If a prisoner is detained in solitary confinement, the conditions they face in custody are significantly more challenging compared to the general prison population. In some cases, this may be taken into account by a sentencing court and result in a shorter sentence being imposed.

Prisoners’ Legal Service in Queensland (PLS) has recently published the Solitary Confinement Sentencing Manual, which provides a practical guide for criminal lawyers in Queensland to help prepare and present evidence of solitary confinement as a mitigating factor in sentencing.

The manual aims to help Queensland lawyers identify when their client is being held in solitary confinement, obtain evidence of their solitary confinement and prepare material to assist in mitigating a sentence. More generally, it aims to raise awareness amongst criminal lawyers of the conditions that prisoners may face if kept in solitary confinement and the significant human rights concerns associated with this practice.

Solitary confinement occurs when a prisoner is locked down in their cell for at least 22 hours a day with very limited or no association with other prisoners. While conditions of solitary confinement can vary, common features include:

  • The cell is located in a separate part of the prison;
  • The cell has no windows, or windows may be small or partially covered, resulting in no or very limited natural light;
  • Lack of fresh air due to the cell conditions and lack of ability to leave the cell;
  • Lower standard facilities, including ‘small and barren’ exercise yards, unpowered cells or cells with plumbing restrictions (e.g. where the water can be turned off);
  • No, or very limited, contact with other prisoners;
  • Limited contact with other people, including family, health staff and lawyers;
  • Limited access to programs, including work and education;
  • Reduced privileges including visits, phone calls and television; and
  • Limited or special furniture, bedding and amenities.

If a prisoner is detained in solitary confinement, the conditions they face in custody are significantly more challenging compared to the general prison population. In some cases, this may be taken into account by a sentencing court and result in a shorter sentence being imposed.

Prisoners’ Legal Service in Queensland (PLS) has recently published the Solitary Confinement Sentencing Manual, which provides a practical guide for criminal lawyers in Queensland to help prepare and present evidence of solitary confinement as a mitigating factor in sentencing.

The manual aims to help Queensland lawyers identify when their client is being held in solitary confinement, obtain evidence of their solitary confinement and prepare material to assist in mitigating a sentence. More generally, it aims to raise awareness amongst criminal lawyers of the conditions that prisoners may face if kept in solitary confinement and the significant human rights concerns associated with this practice.

If you would like to request a copy of the Solitary Confinement Sentencing Manual or other resources about solitary confinement, please contact PLS at:

GPO Box 257
Brisbane, QLD, 4001

Please note that the Solitary Confinement Sentencing Manual only applies to prisoners in Queensland.

This article provides legal information only and is not a substitute for legal advice. If you wish to take any action arising from matters raised in this publication, you should consult a lawyer immediately.

Freedom of Information (Part Two): Review Options

Freedom of Information (Part Two): Review Options

Freedom of Information (Part Two): Review Options

By Daniel Vansetten
By Daniel Vansetten

This is the second part of a two-part series on Freedom of Information (or Right to Information) laws. This part discusses ‘review processes’ – that is, what can be done if you are unhappy with the FOI decision, particularly if you were refused information and you think this was incorrect.

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 5

10 MIN READ

Welcome to the Legal Corner

Welcome to the Legal Corner

Welcome to the Legal Corner

By About Time
By About Time

Through these articles, we provide information on relevant areas of law. This first article provides basic information to make it easier for family and friends to support you. There are differences in the ways the systems operate depending on where you’re located (VIC, NSW, ACT or TAS), so we hope this is useful and relevant to where you are.

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 1

7 MIN READ

Around the Country: Parole

Around the Country: Parole

Around the Country: Parole

By Fitzroy Legal Service, Prisoners Legal Service (NSW Legal Aid), Prisoners Legal Service (QLD) and About Time
By Fitzroy Legal Service, Prisoners Legal Service (NSW Legal Aid), Prisoners Legal Service (QLD) and About Time

Parole is a process that gives some people the ability to get out of prison and serve the last part of their sentence in the community, under the supervision of Community Corrections (which used to be known as Probation and Parole).

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 6

10 MIN READ

Human Rights in Prison

Human Rights in Prison

Human Rights in Prison

By Human Rights Law Centre
By Human Rights Law Centre

All people behind bars should be treated with dignity.

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 10

6 MIN READ

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Silence May Be Golden, but Is It a ‘Right’?

By Daniel Vansetten

In law, silence is considered a fundamental right that provides fairness in criminal proceedings.

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 9

5 MIN READ

Common Human Rights Issues in Prison

By Prisoners’ Legal Service (Queensland)

This article discusses some of the human rights that may be relevant in prison with reference to human rights protections under the Human Rights Act 2019 (QLD) in Queensland.

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 8

6 MIN READ

Legal Q&A – No Body, No Parole

By About Time

I wonder if you could explain the new "No Body No Parole" law in New South Wales, where now people charged with murder or manslaughter need letters from the head of police?

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 8

3 MIN READ

The Federal Election: Voting and More

By About Time

The federal election is coming up. It happens about every three years. It’s for electing the government for the whole country – the federal government.

Legal Corner

ISSUE NO. 8

9 MIN READ

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